The Jesus Archive
The Frankfurt silver amulet and its rolled inscription, Archäologisches Museum Frankfurt
The Frankfurt silver amulet and its rolled inscription, Archäologisches Museum Frankfurt · Photograph by Hagios397Martin (CC BY-SA 4.0)

The Frankfurt silver amulet (Nida)

A rolled silver amulet from a third-century grave at Roman Nida (Frankfurt), read by CT scanning in 2024. Its text invokes Jesus, making it among the earliest Christian objects found north of the Alps.

About this artifact

The Frankfurt silver amulet is a small, thin sheet of silver foil that had been rolled up and placed in a capsule worn on a cord. It was found in 2018 in a Roman-period grave at Frankfurt-Heddernheim, the site of the Roman town of Nida, in the province of Upper Germany.

The foil could not be unrolled without destroying it, so it was read by computed tomography and micro-X-ray fluorescence. The reading, published in 2024, is an eighteen-line text written entirely in Latin. That is unusual, because amulets of the period were normally written in Greek or Hebrew. It invokes Jesus Christ as the Son of God, includes the acclamation “holy, holy, holy”, and echoes Philippians 2:10–11, where every knee bows and every tongue confesses Jesus Christ. The grave is dated to roughly AD 230–270 by the objects buried with it.

The reading is a scholarly reconstruction from imaging, and the editors mark some words as uncertain. The amulet tells us little about the person buried beyond the formula itself, and it has no bearing on the Gospel texts. But it is evidence of Christian devotion far from the Mediterranean heartland in the third century, and among the earliest Christian objects found north of the Alps.

The invocation

“Holy, holy, holy” … “in the name of Jesus”

Phrases from the published reading (2024)
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The text

An account of the object written for this site from the archive’s source record and the research dossier.

The object

A small silver foil amulet, rolled up inside a capsule that was worn on a cord. It was found in 2018 in a Roman-period grave at Frankfurt-Heddernheim, the site of the Roman town of Nida.

How it was read

The foil could not be unrolled without destroying it, so it was read by computed tomography and then by micro-X-ray fluorescence. The reading was published in 2024.

The text

The published reading is an eighteen-line inscription written entirely in Latin, which is rare for amulets of this date. It names Jesus Christ as the Son of God, contains no pagan or Jewish elements, and closes with an echo of Philippians 2:10–11 (“every knee should bow … every tongue confess”). It includes the threefold acclamation and the formula:

“Holy, holy, holy” … “in the name of Jesus”

Date

The grave is dated to roughly AD 230-270 on the basis of the associated finds. (The dossier’s archaeological register cites the museum’s date of approximately 230-260.)

What it establishes

Christian devotion far from the Mediterranean heartland in the third century. It is among the earliest Christian objects found north of the Alps.

Open questions

The reading is a scholarly reconstruction from imaging, and the editors present some words as uncertain. The amulet speaks only through its formula and has no link to the Gospel texts, but what the formula says is plain: Jesus Christ confessed as Son of God, north of the Alps, in the third century.

Where it is now

The find was studied and presented in 2024 by the Archaeological Museum Frankfurt, the archive’s source record for the object.

SourceArchaeological Museum Frankfurt; find published 2024 — https://www.archaeologisches-museum-frankfurt.de/ LicenceOriginal summary written for this archive. Photographs are credited with their own licences. Cited asA31
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