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Michelangelo, Moses

The Stranger’s Book (Allogenes, Codex Tchacos)

A damaged Sethian text from Codex Tchacos whose hero, “Stranger”, is tempted by Satan, transfigured in a bright cloud on Mount Tabor and taught to ascend past hostile powers. It reuses Gospel scenes without naming Jesus.

About this witness

The Stranger’s Book is the fourth and last work in Codex Tchacos, the Coptic manuscript that also contains the Gospel of Judas. Its hero is called Allogenes, Greek for “stranger” or “one of another race”, which Mark M. Mattison renders as Stranger. It is distinct from the treatise Allogenes in Nag Hammadi Codex XI. The surviving pages are badly damaged, and an unknown number are missing; numbers in the text mark the manuscript pages.

Stranger and his companions pray on a mountain called Tabor for knowledge of where they came from and where they are going. Satan tempts him with the world’s goods and is rebuffed with “Depart from me, Satan”; a bright cloud surrounds him and a voice brings him “the gospel”; and he is taught the answers that will release him from six hostile Powers as he ascends to the Father.

Jesus is not named in the surviving text, but the scenes are modelled on the Gospel stories of the temptation in the wilderness and the transfiguration, which later tradition placed on Mount Tabor. The work belongs to the Sethian strand of Gnostic literature, in which the redeemed figure is a stranger to this world. It probably dates from the second or third century. It shows how Gospel motifs were reused, not what Jesus did.

“Depart from me, Satan”

In response Stranger said, “Depart from me, Satan, because I don’t seek you but my Father, who is above all the great realms; because I’ve been called ‘Stranger,’ since I’m from another race. I’m not from your race.”

Page 60
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The bright cloud

And while I said these things, look! A bright cloud surrounded me. Because of the way it was shining, I couldn’t gaze into the light around it. And I heard something from the cloud and the light. It shone on me and said, “O Stranger, the sound of your prayer has been heard, and I’ve been sent here to tell you the gospel

Pages 62–63
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The text

The complete surviving text of the Stranger’s Book from Codex Tchacos in Mark M. Mattison’s translation, with his section headings. Square brackets mark gaps and restorations.

Symbols: 59 Page Number; [ ] Gap in the text / reconstructed text

59 The [Stranger’s Book]

Introduction

“My [son, let’s pray to God …] to the Father of all the ages, to send us a spirit of knowledge to reveal the mysteries, so that we may know ourselves; specifically, where [we’ve] come from, where we’re going, and what we need to do to live.”

And they left and went up on a mountain called ‘Tabor.’ And they knelt down and prayed, “O Lord God, the One above all the great realms, the One who has no beginning and no end, give us a spirit of knowledge to reveal your mysteries, so that we may know ourselves; specifically, where we’ve come from, where we’re going, and what we need to do to live.”

The Temptation of Stranger

After Stranger had said these words, [Satan] appeared 60 [on] the earth, since he [binds the world]. He said, “[…] while you’re walking up on this mountain, because although you seek, you won’t find anything. But come to me, and [take for] yourself what’s in my [world]. Eat my good things. Take for yourself silver, gold, and clothes.”

In response Stranger said, “Depart from me, Satan, because I don’t seek you but my Father, who is above all the great realms; because I’ve been called ‘Stranger,’ since I’m from another race. I’m not from your race.”

Then the one who binds the [world] told him, “We 61 ourselves […] in my [world].”

[Then] Stranger said to him, “Depart from [me], Satan! Go away, because I don’t [belong to] you.”

Then Satan [departed] from him, after having angered him many times; and he wasn’t able to deceive [him]. And when he had been defeated, he went away to his place in great shame.

The Transfiguration of Stranger

Then Stranger cried out in a loud voice, “O God, you who are in the great realms, hear my voice, have mercy on me, and save me from every evil! Look on me and hear me in this deserted place. Now [let your] indescribable [light] shine on me 62 […] your light. Yes, Lord, help me, because [I] don’t know […] forever and ever.”

And while I said these things, look! A bright cloud surrounded me. Because of the way it was shining, I couldn’t gaze into the light around it. And I heard something from the cloud and the light. It shone on me and said, “O Stranger, the sound of your prayer has been heard, and I’ve been sent here to tell you the gospel before you leave [this place], so that 63 you may [know …] reveal [… body] dissolve […] the [spirit…]

The Ascent of Stranger

“[… above. But] when you go, [you’ll] come to the first Power, which is the power of Desire. And it will bind you and [ask] you, ‘Where are [you] going, O Stranger?’ But say, ‘What bound me has been killed, and I’ve been released. I’ll go up to my Father, the One above all the great realms.’ And it will release you.

“Then you’ll come to the second Power, which is the power of Darkness. [And it] will bind [you and] 64 [ask you], ‘Where [are you going, O Stranger?’ But say, ‘What bound me has been killed, and I’ve been released. I’ll go up to my Father, the One above all the great realms.’ Then it will release you.]

“[And you’ll] come to the [third] Power, which is called ‘Ignorance.’ It will bind you and say to you, ‘Where [are you going, O] Stranger?’ But say to it, ‘What bound me has been killed, and I’ve been released. I’ll go up to my Father, the One above all the great realms.’ Then it will release you.

“And you’ll come to the fourth Power, which [… Death. It will say to you, ‘Where are you going, O Stranger?’] 65 [But say, ‘What bound me has been killed, and I’ve been released. I’ll go up to my Father, the One above all the great realms.’ And it will release you.]

“[And you’ll come to the fifth] Power, [which is the] Kingdom [of the] Flesh. [And it will] say to you, ‘[Where are] you [going, O Stranger?’ But say, ‘What bound] me has been [killed], and I’ve [been] released. [Now] then, I’ll go up to my Father, [the One] above [all the great realms.’ And it will] release you.

“[And you’ll come to the sixth Power, which is the Foolish] ‘Wisdom’ [of Flesh. And] it will say to you, ‘Where [are you going,] O [Stranger]?’ But say to [it, ‘What] bound me [has been killed, and I’ve been released. I’ll go up to my Father], 66 [the One above all the great realms.’ And it will release you.]

“[…] in […] and you’ll [go up] over [these] angels […] myriads of [holy] angels [… myriads of] angels […] Don’t be faint of heart […] Be strong [... O Stranger], because you […] Don’t be afraid […] which was said […]”

An unknown number of pages are missing.

Conclusion

Last Page Stranger […] he sent […] so that they might [… the] judgment. [Peace to the one] who wrote them down [and to those who will] preserve them.

SourceGospels.net, public-domain translation by Mark M. Mattison — https://www.gospels.net/ LicencePublic domain: the translator has committed this translation to the public domain; it may be freely copied and used, changed or unchanged, for any purpose.
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