The Jesus Archive
Piero della Francesca, The Baptism of Christ

The Egerton Gospel (Papyrus Egerton 2)

Fragments of an unknown second-century gospel on papyrus: Jesus tells the rulers to search the scriptures, escapes arrest, heals a leper and answers a question about paying kings. Among the oldest surviving non-canonical Gospel texts.

About this witness

The Egerton Gospel, also called the Unknown Gospel, is known only from fragments of a papyrus codex published in 1935 as Papyrus Egerton 2 and now in the British Library. A further scrap in Cologne (P.Köln 255) belongs to the same manuscript. The surviving lines preserve a handful of episodes about Jesus, here in Mark M. Mattison’s translation.

The papyrus is usually dated to the second century, with recent estimates around 150–200. When the text itself was composed, and whether it depends on the canonical Gospels, is debated. The fragments contain a dispute in which Jesus tells the rulers to search the scriptures, a failed attempt to stone and seize him, the healing of a leper, a question about paying kings, and a badly damaged wonder at the Jordan.

The episodes mix language resembling John (the scriptures that testify about Jesus, the hour of his arrest not yet come) with Synoptic material such as the leper and the tribute question. Scholars divide over whether the author recalled the four Gospels from memory or drew on independent tradition. The fragments are too small to reconstruct a complete “fifth Gospel”, but they show Gospel traditions circulating in Egypt within roughly a century of Jesus.

Search the scriptures

[Then he turned] to [the] rulers of the people and made this statement: “Search [the] scriptures; [you think] you have life in them. They [testify] about me. Don’t [think] I’ve come to accuse [you] before my Father. [The one who accuses] you is Moses, in whom [you] hope.”

Fragment 1, verso
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The healing of a leper

And look, someone with leprosy approached [him] and said, “Teacher Jesus, while I was [traveling] with [others] who had [leprosy] and eating at the inn [with them,] I [contracted leprosy] myself. But if [you want to,] you can cure me.”

Fragment 1, recto
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The text

The complete surviving text of Papyrus Egerton 2 (with P.Köln 255) in Mark M. Mattison’s translation. Square brackets mark gaps restored by the editors; the translator’s public-domain notice is moved to the source line.

Fragment 1, verso (↓)

[...] to the lawyers [“...all] the wrongdoers [...] and not me [...] how does he do it?”

[Then he turned] to [the] rulers of the people and made this statement: “Search [the] scriptures; [you think] you have life in them. They [testify] about me. Don’t [think] I’ve come to accuse [you] before my Father. [The one who accuses] you is Moses, in whom [you] hope.”

But they [said,] “We know [well] God [spoke] to Moses, but you -- we don’t know [where you’re from.”]

Jesus [told them] in reply, “Now [you] stand accused because [you don’t believe those who’ve been approved] by him; because if [you believed Moses,] you’d believe [me, for] he [wrote] about me to your ancestors [...]”

Fragment 1, recto (→)

[...] stones together [so they could stone him.] And the [rulers] laid their [hands] on him [so that] they might seize him and [deliver him] to the crowd. But they [could] not seize him, because the hour of his arrest [had] not yet [come.] So the Lord escaped [from their hands] and withdrew from [them.]

And look, someone with leprosy approached [him] and said, “Teacher Jesus, while I was [traveling] with [others] who had [leprosy] and eating at the inn [with them,] I [contracted leprosy] myself. But if [you want to,] you can cure me.”

Now the Lord [told him, “I want to:] be cured.” [And immediately] the leprosy left him.

Then Jesus [told] him, [“Go] and show [yourself] to the [priests] and offer [what Moses ordered for] your cure, and don’t sin anymore [...]”

Fragment 2, recto (→)

[...] to him, examining him to test him: “Teacher Jesus, we know that you’ve come [from God,] because the things you do [testify] above and beyond all the prophets. [So tell] us: is it right [to give] kings what belongs to them? [Should we pay] them, or [not?”]

But since Jesus knew what [they] were thinking, [he scolded them] and asked [them,] “Why do you pay me lip service as a Teacher but [don’t do] what [I say? Isaiah] accurately prophesied [about] you when he said:

[These people honor] me with their [lips,]
[but] their [heart] is [far] from [me.]
[They worship me pointlessly,]
[... rules ...]

Fragment 2, verso (↓)

[...] enclosed in the [place ...] being subjected uncertainly [... its] weight unweighed [...] but [while] they were puzzled [as] to [his] strange question, Jesus walked and stood [on the] bank of the Jordan [river.] And reaching out with [his] right hand [...] and he sowed [on] the [...] and then [...] water [...] the [...] and [...] he produced [...] fruit [...]

SourceGospels.net, public-domain translation by Mark M. Mattison — https://www.gospels.net/ LicencePublic domain: the translator has committed this translation to the public domain; it may be freely copied and used, changed or unchanged, for any purpose. Cited asR37
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